# Astronomy and space exploration data [![en](https://img.shields.io/badge/lang-en-red.svg)](README.md) [![ru](https://img.shields.io/badge/lang-ru-green.svg)](README-ru.md) Code for collecting and visualization of astronomical data All code and description are available at [gvard.github.io](https://gvard.github.io/) ## Observational astronomy * First light of notable observatories and instruments ![First light dates of notable observatories with areas of main mirrors. Years 1917-2025](./plots/observational/first-light-1917-2025.png) See also [First light dates of notable observatories with areas of main mirrors. Years 1990–2008](./plots/observational/first-light-1990-2008.png "First light dates of notable observatories with areas of main mirrors. Years 1990-2008"), [years 1845–1967](./plots/observational/first-light-1845-1967.png "First light dates of notable observatories with areas of main mirrors. Years 1845-1967"), [years 1916–1991](./plots/observational/first-light-1916-1991.png "First light dates of notable observatories with areas of main mirrors. Years 1916-1991") and [distribution of diameters of big telescopes](./plots/observational/telescope_diameters_chart.png). [Data as JSON](data/observatories.json). [First light article](https://vk.com/@planetariumvg-pervyi-svet-kak-observatorii-nachinaut-rabotu) (in Russian); inspired by prof. Vladimir Panchuk and his site [Астрономические телескопы](http://astrotelescope.narod.ru/) (in russian). ## Solar System objects * Near-Earth objects and Potentially Hazardous Asteroid statistics ![NEOs and PHAs cumulative statistics](./plots/solarsystem/neo_pha_graph-2002.png "NEOs and PHAs cumulative statistics") ![PHAs cumulative statistics with successfully predicted asteroid impacts](./plots/solarsystem/pha_graph_predicted_impacts-2002.png "PHAs cumulative statistics with successfully predicted asteroid impacts") [Data source: NASA Center for NEO Studies and IAU Minor Planet Center](https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/stats/) * Distribution of Solar System bodies by average distance to Sun ![Distribution of minor planets by semi-major axis between Venus and Jupiter (histogram of 8000 bins)](./plots/solarsystem/mpcorb-hist-a0.7-5.4.png "Distribution of minor planets by semi-major axis between Venus and Jupiter (histogram of 8000 bins)") ![Distribution of minor planets by semi-major axis beyond Neptune (histogram of 900 bins)](./plots/solarsystem/mpcorb-hist-a29-70.png "Distribution of minor planets by semi-major axis beyond Neptune (histogram of 900 bins)") [Data source: IAU Minor Planet Center, The MPC Orbit (MPCORB) Database](https://minorplanetcenter.net/iau/MPCORB.html) See this links for all Solar System related [plots](./plots/solarsystem/) and [code](./src/astrodata/solarsystem/) ## Supernovae and other transients observations * History of supernovae observations by year ![Supernovae observations](./plots/stars/sne_stats_bar_chart-ru.png "Supernovae observations") * Cumulative number of supernovae ![Cumulative number of supernovae](./plots/stars/sne_transients_total_number_log_plot-ru.png "Cumulative number of supernovae") [Data source: David Bishop, Latest Supernovae Archives](https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/snimages/archives.html); [Transient Name Server stats](https://www.wis-tns.org/stats-maps). [Data as JSON](data/stars/sne-stats.json). [Displaying data in html page using JavaScript](https://gvard.github.io/stars/snstats/) * History of transient observations by year from Transient Name Server ![Transient observations from Transient Name Server](./plots/stars/transient_stats_bar_chart-ru.png "Transient observations from Transient Name Server") [Data source: Transient Name Server stats](https://www.wis-tns.org/stats-maps) ## Gamma-ray bursts observations ![Number of gamma-ray bursts which have been localized within a few hours to days to less than 1 degree](./plots/stars/grbs_total_number_plot.png "Number of gamma-ray bursts which have been localized within a few hours to days to less than 1 degree") ![Gamma-ray bursts localized within a few hours to days to less than 1 degree: chart with number of optical afterglows](./plots/stars/grbs_stats_bar_chart.png "Gamma-ray bursts localized within a few hours to days to less than 1 degree: chart with number of optical afterglows") [Data source: Jochen Greiner; GRBs localized within a few hours to days to less than 1 degree](https://www.mpe.mpg.de/~jcg/grbgen.html), [data as JSON](data/stars/grbs-localized-stats.json). [Displaying data in html page using JavaScript](https://gvard.github.io/grb/stats/) See this links for all stars related [plots](./plots/stars/), [code](./src/astrodata/stars/) and [data](./data/stars/) ## Manned spaceflights * Population of space ![Population of Space](./plots/manned/spacepop-steps.png "Population of Space") ![Time Spent by Humans in Space](./plots/manned/spacepop-spent-steps-filled-ru.png "Time Spent by Humans in Space") [Data source: J. McDowell, planet4589.org](https://planet4589.org/space/astro/web/pop.html) * Human Spaceflight Missions, Astronauts, Rides ![Human presence in space](./plots/manned/mannedflights-astronauts-rides-evas.png "Human presence in space") ![Total duration and numbers of extravehicular activities](./plots/manned/evas-total-time-counts.png "Total duration and numbers of extravehicular activities") [Data source: J. McDowell, planet4589.org](https://planet4589.org/space/astro/web/) See this links for all manned spaceflights related [plots](./plots/manned/) and [code](./src/astrodata/manned/) ## Space launches * Orbital and suborbital launches counts ![Orbital and suborbital (apogee >100km) launches counts](./plots/launches/launches-orb-suborb-100km-linfit.png "Orbital and suborbital (apogee >100km) launches counts withl linear regression fits. Special list of marginal (orbital-energy) launches and Orbital Launch Failures are also included") See also [Orbital and suborbital (apogee >80km) launches counts with linear regression fits](./plots/launches/launches-orb-suborb-80km-linfit.png) Data source: [J. McDowell, planet4589.org](https://planet4589.org/space/gcat/web/launch/ldes.html) * Deep Space Launches ![Deep space launches counts](./plots/launches/launches-orb-deep-linfit.png "Deep space launches counts with linear regression fits. Special list of marginal (orbital-energy) launches and Orbital Launch Failures are also included") Data source: [J. McDowell, planet4589.org; see event catalogs, deepcat (Deep Space)](https://planet4589.org/space/gcat/web/cat/); [The Deep Space Catalog: introduction and Background, catalog description](https://www.planet4589.org/space/deepcat/). Code: [python script with data for plotting this charts](./src/astrodata/launches/plot_launches_orb_suborb_graph.py). See this links for all space launches related [plots](./plots/launches/) and [code](./src/astrodata/launches/) ## Image optimization applied * [Scour](https://github.com/scour-project/scour) * [SVG Cleaner](https://github.com/RazrFalcon/svgcleaner) * [OptiPNG](https://optipng.sourceforge.net/), see [guide to PNG optimization](https://optipng.sourceforge.net/pngtech/optipng.html) * [PNGOut](http://advsys.net/ken/utils.htm) * [TinyPNG: WebP, PNG, JPEG optimization](https://tinypng.com/) * [Jpegoptim](https://www.kokkonen.net/tjko/projects.html), [for Windows](https://github.com/XhmikosR/jpegoptim-windows) * [JPEGoptim + OptiPNG + TinyPNG - image optimization (in russian)](https://open-networks.ru/d/14-jpegoptim-optipng-tinypng-optimizaciya-izobrazenii) ## License [![Media content license: CC BY 4.0](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-CC%20BY%204.0-lightgrey.svg "Media content license: CC BY 4.0. Feel free to contact me for details")](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) [![Software license: GPL v3](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-GPLv3-blue.svg "Software license: GPL v3")](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0) Feel free to contact me for details. It is possible to change the license for posting on web resources (in Wikimedia projects for example).